"Ho se lumellane ho bolela hore ho thata ho rarolla," Arthur Mattuck, setsebi sa lipalo Setsing sa Theknoloji sa Massachusetts (MIT), o kile a re.Empa e lokela ho rarolloa ha nonlinearity e sebelisoa ho meroalo ea motlakase, hobane e hlahisa maqhubu a harmonic mme e ama hampe kabo ea matla-'me e theko e boima.Mona, Marek Lukaszczyk, Motsamaisi oa Lipapatso oa Europe le Middle East oa WEG, moetsi oa lefats'e le morekisi oa theknoloji ea makoloi le koloi, o hlalosa mokhoa oa ho fokotsa li-harmonics lits'ebetsong tsa inverter.
Mabone a fluorescent, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse fetohang, libono tsa motlakase tsa arc, li-rectifier le li-converter tsa maqhubu.Tsena tsohle ke mehlala ea lisebelisoa tse nang le meroalo e sa lekanyetsoang, e bolelang hore sesebelisoa se monya voltage le hona joale ka mokhoa oa li-pulses tse khutšoane tsa tšohanyetso.Li fapane le lisebelisoa tse nang le meroalo e mengata—tse kang lienjene, lihitara tsa sepaka-pakeng, li-transformer tse fanang ka matla le mabone a khantšitsoeng.Bakeng sa meroalo e lekanang, kamano pakeng tsa voltage le maqhubu a hona joale ke sinusoidal, 'me ea hona joale ka nako leha e le efe e lekana le voltage-e hlahisoang ke molao oa Ohm.
Bothata bo bong ka meroalo eohle e se nang moeli ke hore e hlahisa maqhubu a harmonic.Harmonics ke likarolo tsa maqhubu tseo hangata li leng holimo ho feta frequency ea phepelo ea motlakase, lipakeng tsa 50 kapa 60 Hertz (Hz), 'me li eketsoa hona joale.Maqhubu ana a eketsehileng a tla baka tšitiso ea sebopeho sa maqhubu a sistimi le ho fokotsa matla a eona.
Maqhubu a Harmonic a phallang ka har'a sistimi ea motlakase a ka hlahisa litlamorao tse ling tse sa rateheng, joalo ka ho kheloha ha motlakase libakeng tse hokahaneng le meroalo e meng, le ho chesa haholo ha likhoele.Maemong ana, tekanyo ea kakaretso ea "harmonic distortion" (THD) e ka re bolella hore na ho na le matla a makae a motlakase kapa a hona joale a bakoang ke li-harmonics.
Sehloohong sena, re tla ithuta mokhoa oa ho fokotsa li-harmonics lits'ebetsong tsa inverter tse ipapisitseng le likhothaletso tsa indasteri bakeng sa tlhahlobo e nepahetseng le tlhaloso ea liketsahalo tse bakang mathata a boleng ba matla.
UK e sebelisa Tlhahiso ea Boenjiniere (EREC) G5 ea Energy Network Association (ENA) e le mokhoa o motle oa ho laola ho senyeha ha matla a harmonic tsamaisong ea phetisetso le marang-rang a kabo.European Union, likhothaletso tsena hangata li ka har'a litaelo tsa electromagnetic comppatibility (EMC), tse kenyelletsang maemo a fapaneng a International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), joalo ka IEC 60050. IEEE 519 hangata ke maemo a Amerika Leboea, empa ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore IEEE 519 e shebane le litsamaiso tsa kabo ho fapana le lisebelisoa tse ikemetseng.
Hang ha maemo a harmonic a khethoa ka papiso kapa tekanyo, ho na le litsela tse ngata tsa ho li fokotsa ho li boloka ka har'a meeli e amohelehang.Empa moeli o amohelehang ke ofe?
Kaha ho ke ke ha khoneha moruong kapa ho ke ke ha khoneha ho felisa li-harmonics tsohle, ho na le litekanyetso tse peli tsa machaba tsa EMC tse fokotsang ho khopama ha motlakase oa phepelo ea motlakase ka ho totobatsa boleng bo phahameng ba motlakase oa harmonic.Ke litekanyetso tsa IEC 61000-3-2, tse loketseng lisebelisoa tse nang le tekanyo ea hona joale ho fihlela ho 16 A (A) le ≤ 75 A ka mohato, le maemo a IEC 61000-3-12, a loketseng lisebelisoa tse ka holimo ho 16 A.
Moeli oa li-harmonics tsa motlakase e lokela ho ba ho boloka THD (V) ea ntlha ea ho kopanya ho tloaelehileng (PCC) ho ≤ 5%.PCC ke sebaka seo li-conductor tsa motlakase tsa sistimi ea kabo ea matla li hokahaneng le li-conductors tsa bareki le phetisetso efe kapa efe ea matla lipakeng tsa moreki le sistimi ea kabo ea matla.
Khothaletso ea ≤ 5% e sebelisitsoe e le eona feela tlhoko ea lits'ebetso tse ngata.Ke ka lebaka leo maemong a mangata, ho sebelisa inverter e nang le 6-pulse rectifier le input input kapa inductor e tobileng ea hona joale (DC) e lekaneng ho finyella tlhahiso e phahameng ea ho sotha ha motlakase.Ehlile, ha ho bapisoa le 6-pulse inverter e se nang inductor sehokelong, ho sebelisa inverter e nang le sehokelo sa khokahanyo sa DC (joalo ka WEG's CFW11, CFW700, le CFW500) ho ka fokotsa haholo mahlaseli a kotsi.
Ho seng joalo, ho na le likhetho tse ling tse 'maloa tsa ho fokotsa li-harmonics tsa sistimi lits'ebetsong tsa inverter, tseo re tla li hlahisa mona.
Tharollo e 'ngoe ea ho fokotsa li-harmonics ke ho sebelisa inverter e nang le 12-pulse rectifier.Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa ona o atisa ho sebelisoa feela ha transformer e se e kentsoe;bakeng sa li-inverters tse ngata tse hokahaneng le sehokelo se le seng sa DC;kapa haeba ts'ebetso e ncha e hloka transformer e inehetseng ho inverter.Ho feta moo, tharollo ena e loketse matla ao hangata a fetang 500 kilowatts (kW).
Mokhoa o mong ke oa ho sebelisa mochini o fetolang motlakase oa 6-pulse active current (AC) o nang le filthara e sa sebetseng ha o kenya.Mokhoa ona o ka hokahanya maemo a fapaneng a voltage-harmonic voltages lipakeng tsa mahareng (MV), high voltage (HV) le extra high voltage (EHV) - mme o ts'ehetsa ho tsamaisana le ho felisa litlamorao tse mpe ho lisebelisoa tse hlokolosi tsa bareki.Le hoja ena e le tharollo ea setso ea ho fokotsa li-harmonics, e tla eketsa tahlehelo ea mocheso le ho fokotsa matla a matla.
Sena se re tlisa tseleng e theko e tlaase ea ho fokotsa li-harmonics: sebelisa inverter e nang le 18-pulse rectifier, kapa haholo-holo koloi ea DC-AC e tsamaisoang ke sehokelo sa DC ka mochini oa 18-pulse rectifier le phase-shifting transformer.Pulse rectifier ke tharollo e tšoanang ebang ke 12-pulse kapa 18-pulse.Le hoja ena e le tharollo ea setso ea ho fokotsa li-harmonics, ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tsa eona tse phahameng, hangata e sebelisoa feela ha transformer e kentsoe kapa ho hlokahala transformer e khethehileng bakeng sa inverter bakeng sa ho kenya mochine o mocha.Hangata matla a maholo ho feta 500 kW.
Mekhoa e meng ea khatello ea harmonic e eketsa tahlehelo ea mocheso le ho fokotsa matla, ha mekhoa e meng e ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso.Tharollo e ntle eo re e khothaletsang ke ho sebelisa li-filters tse sebetsang tsa WEG tse nang le li-drive tsa 6-pulse AC.Ena ke tharollo e babatsehang ea ho felisa li-harmonics tse hlahisoang ke lisebelisoa tse sa tšoaneng
Qetellong, ha matla a ka tsosolosoa ho marang-rang, kapa ha li-motors tse ngata li tsamaisoa ke sehokelo se le seng sa DC, tharollo e 'ngoe e khahleha.Ke hore, ho sebelisoa "AFE" regenerative drive le filthara ea LCL.Tabeng ena, mokhanni o na le rectifier e sebetsang ka ho kenya letsoho mme o lumellana le meeli e khothalletsoang.
Bakeng sa li-inverters tse se nang sehokelo sa DC-joalo ka li-inverters tsa WEG tsa CFW500, CFW300, CFW100 le MW500 - senotlolo sa ho fokotsa li-harmonics ke karabelo ea marang-rang.Sena ha se rarolle bothata ba harmonic feela, empa hape se rarolla bothata ba matla a bolokiloeng karolong e sebetsang ea inverter le ho se sebetse.Ka thuso ea ts'ebetso ea marang-rang, inverter e phahameng-frequency single-phase inverter e laoloang ke marang-rang a resonant e ka sebelisoa ho lemoha ho itšoara ka mokhoa o laolehang.Molemo oa mokhoa ona ke hore matla a bolokiloeng karolong ea reactance e tlaase 'me ho senyeha ha harmonic ho tlaase.
Ho na le litsela tse ling tse sebetsang tsa ho sebetsana le li-harmonics.E 'ngoe ke ho eketsa palo ea meroalo ea mela e amanang le meroalo e sa lekanyetsoang.Mokhoa o mong ke oa ho arola litsamaiso tsa phepelo ea motlakase bakeng sa meroalo e melang le e seng ea mela e le hore ho be le meeli e fapaneng ea matla a THD lipakeng tsa 5% le 10%.Mokhoa ona o lumellana le likhothaletso tse boletsoeng ka holimo tsa boenjiniere (EREC) G5 le EREC G97, e sebelisetsoang ho hlahloba ho senyeha ha matla a harmonic a limela le lisebelisoa tse se nang moeli le tsa resonant.
Mokhoa o mong ke oa ho sebelisa se lokisa se nang le palo e kholoanyane ea likhahla le ho se fepa ka transformer e nang le mekhahlelo e mengata ea bobeli.Li-transformer tse nang le li-multi-winding tse nang le li-winding tse ngata tsa mantlha kapa tsa bobeli li ka hokahanngoa ka mofuta o ikhethileng oa tlhophiso ho fana ka boemo bo hlokahalang ba motlakase kapa ho khanna meroalo e mengata ho tsoa, ​​ka hona ho fana ka likhetho tse ngata ho tsa kabo ea matla Le sistimi e feto-fetohang.
Qetellong, ho na le ts'ebetso ea ho tsosolosa ea AFE e boletsoeng ka holimo.Li-drive tsa mantlha tsa AC ha li nchafatsoe, ho bolelang hore ha li khone ho khutlisetsa matla mohloling oa matla - sena ha sea lekana, hobane lits'ebetsong tse ling, ho khutlisa matla a khutlisitsoeng ke tlhokahalo e khethehileng.Haeba matla a ho tsosolosa a hloka ho khutlisetsoa mohloling oa matla a AC, ena ke karolo ea koloi ea ho tsosolosa.Li-rectifiers tse bonolo li nkeloa sebaka ke li-inverters tsa AFE, 'me matla a ka fumanoa ka tsela ena.
Mekhoa ena e fana ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho loantša li-harmonics 'me e loketse mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea mekhoa ea ho tsamaisa matla.Empa ba ka boela ba boloka matla le litšenyehelo tse ngata lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng mme ba latela litekanyetso tsa machabeng.Mehlala ena e bontša hore hafeela ho sebelisoa theknoloji e nepahetseng ea inverter, bothata bo se nang linearity bo ke ke ba thatafalloa ho bo rarolla.
For more information, please contact: WEG (UK) LtdBroad Ground RoadLakesideRedditch WorcestershireB98 8YPT Tel: +44 (0)1527 513800 Email: info-uk@weg.net Website: https://www.weg.net
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